AUTHORS:

Danilo Toro Lozano Centro de Investigación e Innovación Eléctrica, Mecánica y de la Industria, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
María Luisa Singh Gustavino Centro de Investigación e Innovación Eléctrica, Mecánica y de la Industria, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panamá, Panamáá

BACKGROUND

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study that seeks to identify the role of the actors in the cocoa supply chain in the Bocas del Toro region, Panama, intending to increase the competitiveness and income of producers. The researchers conducted three site visits to collect primary data (qualitative) through a questionnaire and an interview with cocoa producers and business people dedicated to the transformation and marketing of cocoa beans. The bibliographic review served to learn about characteristics of the competitive scenario and national initiatives to promote the strengthening of the sector. The data analysis made it possible to make a first approximation of the structure of the supply chain in the region with the actors that participate in the four links identified (suppliers, producers, manufacturers, and the final consumer). Cocoa producers' perceptions, experiences, and expectations regarding their activity are highlighted. Among the conclusions is that the activity of cocoa cultivation is important but not enough to maintain minimum and sustained income that allows for meeting the basic needs of families dedicated to the product. The most representative actors (state institutions, universities, and businesses) need to understand the need to develop training, seminars, and technical assistance so that cocoa producers can acquire the technical knowledge to meet the national or international market requirements.